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为Nginx添加basic_auth

为Nginx添加basic_auth,意思就是访问页面的时候需要弹出来一个用户和密码验证的东西,本文基于CentOS 6

1, 安装密码生成工具htpasswd并生成用户密码文件

yum install httpd-tools               #适用centos
sudo apt-get install apache2-utils    #适用ubuntu

生成用户密码文件

$ htpasswd -c /var/www/html/.htpasswd user1  #回车会要求输入两遍密码,会清除所有用户!
$ htpasswd -bc /var/www/html/.htpasswd user1 password  #不用回车,直接指定user1的密码为password
$ htpasswd -b /var/www/html/.htpasswd user2 password   #添加一个用户,如果用户已存在,则是修改密码
$ htpasswd -D /var/www/html/.htpasswd user2  #删除用户

2, 为Nginx添加basic_auth配置

server {
	listen		80;
#	root		/tmp;
#	index		index.html index.htm;
	server_name	zhukun.net www.zhukun.net;

	location / {
		auth_basic		"input you user name and password";
		auth_basic_user_file	/export/servers/.htpasswd;
		proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:9000;
	}
}

然后再次访问zhukun.net时便会弹出验证框要求输入用户名和密码。

3, 可能遇到的问题
访问zhukun.net没有弹出验证框怎么办?
首先修改nginx.conf,将日志级别调为info,如下

$ cat /export/servers/nginx-1.12.1/conf/nginx.conf
.......
user  admin;
worker_processes  8;

error_log  logs/error.log info;
......

然后再次访问让其产error_log
看到error_log时会发现有如下错误产生

*69 no user/password was provided for basic authentication, client: 10.12.138.126, server: www.zhukun.net, request: "GET /date_lateral HTTP/1.1", host: "www.zhukun.net"

原因在于

The HTTP Basic authentication works as following:
*) A browser requests a page without user/password.
*) A server response with 401 page, sending realm as well.
   At this stage the 401 code appears in access_log and the message
   “no user/password …” appears in error_log.
*) The browser shows a realm/login/password prompt.
*) If a user will press cancel, then the browser will show the received
   401 page.
*) If the user enters login/password, then the browser repeats the request
   with login/password.

Then until you will exit the browser, it will send these login/password
with all requests in protected hierarchy.

error_page配置的401页面不存在或者指向问题导致的,可以注释掉401配置或者保证401配置指向的文件可用,然后basic_auth便会生效。

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